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In general, a resolution in the context of debate by an assembly is a formulation of a determination, expression of opinion, etc., submitted to an assembly or meeting for consideration.〔OED, 2nd ed.〕 A proposal is put to the meeting, debated, and a resolution adopted. In policy debate, a form of formal speech competition, a resolution or topic is a normative statement which the affirmative team affirms and the negative team negates. Resolutions are selected annually by affiliated schools. At the college level, a number of topics are proposed and interested parties write 'topic papers' discussing the pros and cons of that individual topic. Each school then gets one vote on the topic. The single topic area voted on then has a number of proposed topic wordings, one is chosen, and it is debated by affiliated students nationally for the entire season. The high school policy debate topic is selected annually under the auspices of the National Federation of State High School Association's Speech, Debate, and Theater Association. The (topic process ) calls for two rounds of voting, the first narrowing down five initial choices to two, and the second selecting the final resolution. In each round, each state has a vote, the National Forensic League has a vote, and the National Catholic Forensic League has a vote. Each state's activities association has its own process for determining the state's vote. ==Recent National Policy Debate High School Resolutions〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nflonline.org/StudentResources/PastPolicyDebateTopics )〕 == (2015-2016) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially curtail its domestic surveillance. (2014-2015) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth's oceans. (2013-2014) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela. (2012-2013) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its transportation infrastructure investment in the United States. (2011–2012) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its exploration and/or development of space beyond the Earth’s mesosphere. (2010–2011) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially reduce its military and/or police presence in one or more of the following: South Korea, Japan, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Iraq, Turkey. (2009–2010) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase social services for persons living in poverty in the United States. (2008–2009) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase alternative energy incentives in the United States. (2007–2008) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its public health assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa. (2006–2007) Resolved: The United States federal government should establish a policy substantially increasing the number of persons serving in one or more of the following national service programs: AmeriCorps, Citizen Corps, Senior Corps, Peace Corps, Learn and Serve America, and/or the Armed Forces. (2005–2006) Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially decrease its authority either to detain without charge or to search without probable cause. (2004–2005) Resolved: That the United States federal government should establish a foreign policy substantially increasing its support of United Nations peacekeeping operations. (2003–2004) Resolved: That the United States federal government should establish an ocean policy substantially increasing protection of marine natural resources. (2002–2003) Resolved: That the United States federal government should substantially increase public health services for mental health care in the United States. (2001–2002) Resolved: That the United States federal government should establish a foreign policy significantly limiting the use of weapons of mass destruction. (2000–2001) Resolved: That the United States federal government should significantly increase protection of privacy in the United States in one or more of the following areas: employment, medical records, consumer information, search and seizure. (1999–2000) Resolved: That the federal government should establish an education policy to significantly increase academic achievement in secondary schools in the United States. (1998–1999) Resolved: That the United States government should substantially change its foreign policy toward Russia. (1997–1998) Resolved: That the federal government should establish a policy to substantially increase renewable energy use in the United States (1996–1997) Resolved: That the federal government should establish a program to substantially reduce juvenile crime in the United States (1995–1996) Resolved: That the United States government should substantially change its foreign policy toward the People’s Republic of China. (1994–1995) Resolved: That the United States government should substantially strengthen regulation of immigration to the United States. (1993–1994) Resolved: That the federal government should guarantee comprehensive national health insurance to all United States citizens. (1992–1993) Resolved: That the United States government should reduce worldwide pollution through its trade and/or aid policies. (1991–1992) Resolved: That the federal government should significantly increase social services to homeless individuals in the United States. (1990–1991) Resolved: That the United States government should significantly increase space exploration beyond the Earth's mesosphere. (1989–1990) Resolved: That the federal government should adopt a nationwide policy to decrease overcrowding in prisons and jails in the United States. (1988–1989) Resolved: That the federal government should implement a comprehensive program to guarantee retirement security for United States citizens over age 65. (1987–88) Resolved: That the United States government should adopt a policy to increase political stability in Latin America. (1986–87) Resolved: That the federal government should implement a comprehensive long-term agricultural policy in the United States. (1985–1986) Resolved: That the federal government should establish a comprehensive national policy to protect the quality of water in the United States. (1984–1985) Resolved: That the federal government should provide employment for all employable United States citizens living in poverty. (1983–1984) Resolved: That the United States should establish uniform rules governing the procedure of all criminal courts in the nation. (1982–1983) Resolved: That the United States should significantly curtail its arms sales to other countries. (1981–1982) Resolved: That the federal government should establish minimum educational standards for elementary and secondary schools in the United States. (1980–1981) Resolved: That the federal government should initiate and enforce safety guarantees on consumer goods. (1979–1980) Resolved: That the United States should significantly change its foreign trade policies. (1978–1979) Resolved: That the federal government should establish a comprehensive program to significantly increase the energy independence of the United States. (1977–1978) Resolved: That the federal government should establish a comprehensive program to regulate the health care system in the United States. (1976–1977) Resolved: That a comprehensive program of penal reform should be adopted throughout the United States. (1975–1976) Resolved: That the development and allocation of scarce world resources should be controlled by an international organization. (1974–1975) Resolved: That the United States should significantly change the method of selecting presidential and vice-presidential candidates. (1973–1974) Resolved: That the federal government should guarantee a minimum annual income to each family unit. (1972–1973) Resolved: That governmental financial support for all public and secondary education in the United States be provided exclusively by the federal government (1971–1972) Resolved: That the jury system in the United States should be significantly changed 1971 Resolved: That the federal government should establish, finance, and administer programs to control air and/or water pollution in the United States. 1970 Resolved: That Congress should prohibit unilateral United States military intervention in foreign countries. 1969 Resolved: That the United States should establish a system of compulsory service by all citizens. 1968 Resolved: That Congress should establish uniform regulations to control criminal investigation procedures. 1967 Resolved: That the foreign aid program of the United States should be limited to non-military assistance. 1966 Resolved: That the federal government should adopt a program of compulsory arbitration in labor-management disputes in basic industries. 1965 Resolved: That nuclear weapons should be controlled by an international organization. 1964 Resolved: That Social Security benefits should be extended to include complete medical care. 1963 Resolved: That the United States should promote a Common Market for the western hemisphere. 1962 Resolved: That the federal government should equalize educational opportunity by means of grants to the states for public elementary and secondary education. 1961 Resolved: That the United Nations should be significantly strengthened. 1960 Resolved: That the federal government should substantially increase its regulation of labor unions. 1959 Resolved: That the United States should adopt the essential features of the British system of education. 1958 Resolved: That United States foreign aid should be substantially increased. 1957 Resolved: That the federal government should sustain the prices of major agricultural products at not less than 90% of parity. 1956 Resolved: That governmental subsidies should be granted according to need to high school graduates who qualify for additional training. 1955 Resolved: That the federal government should initiate a policy of free trade among nations friendly to the United States. 1954 Resolved: That the President of the United States should be elected by the direct vote of the people. 1953 Resolved: That the Atlantic Pact nations should form a federal union. 1952 Resolved: That all American citizens should be subject to conscription for essential service in time of war. 1951 Resolved: That the American people should reject the welfare state. 1950 Resolved: That the president of the United States should be elected by the direct vote of the people. 1949 Resolved: That the United States now be revised into a Federal World Government. 1948 Resolved: That the federal government should require arbitration of labor disputes in all basic American industries. 1947 Resolved: That the federal government should provide a system of complete medical care available to all citizens at public expense. 1946 Resolved: That every able-bodied male citizen of the United States should have one year of full-time military training before attaining age 24. 1945 Resolved: That the legal voting age should be reduced to eighteen years. 1944 Resolved: That the United States should join in reconstituting the League of Nations. 1943 Resolved: That a federal world government should be established. 1942 Resolved: That every able-bodied male citizen in the United States should be required to have one year of full-time military training before attaining the present draft age. 1941 Resolved: That the power of the federal government should be increased. 1940 Resolved: That the federal government should own and operate the railroads. 1939 Resolved: That the United States should establish an alliance with Great Britain. 1938 Resolved: That the several states should adopt a unicameral system of legislation. 1937 Resolved: That all electric utilities should be governmentally owned and operated. 1936 Resolved: That the several states should enact legislation providing for a system of complete medical service available to all citizens at public expense. 1935 Resolved: That the federal government should adopt the policy of equalizing educational opportunity throughout the nation by means of annual grants to the several states for public elementary and secondary education. 1934 Resolved: That the United States should adopt the essential features of the British system of radio control and operation. 1933 Resolved: That at least one half of all state and local revenues should be derived from sources other than tangible property. 1932 Resolved: That the several states should enact legislation providing for compulsory unemployment insurance. 1931 Resolved: That chain stores are detrimental to the best interests of the American public. 1930 Resolved: That installment buying of personal property as now practiced in the United States is both socially and economically desirable. 1929 Resolved: That the English cabinet method of legislation is more efficient than the committee system is in the United States. 1928 Resolved: That a federal department of education should be created with a secretary in the president's cabinet. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Resolution (debate)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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